Month: November 2019

A Computerized Boundary Element Models for Coupled, Uncoupled and Generalized Thermoelasticity Theories of Functionally Graded Anisotropic Rotating Plates | Book Publisher International

The aim of this book, which consists of four chapters, is to study two dimensional generalized thermoelastic problems for rotating functionally graded anisotropic plates (FGAPs). A dual-reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) is implemented for solving the problems. The accuracy of the proposed method was examined and confirmed by comparing the obtained results with those known previously. These problems are solved under special conditions of the governing equations of generalized thermo-elasticity. This book has a lot of applications in many engineering fields such as modern aeronautics, astronautics, earthquake engineering, soil dynamics, mining engineering, nuclear reactor design, high energy particle accelerators, geothermal engineering, geophysics, plasma physics etc. The results of this thesis show the difference between the four theories of thermo-elasticity Green and Lindsay (G-L) theory, Lord and Shulman (L-S) theory, classical coupled theory of thermo-elasticity (CCTE) and classical uncoupled theory of thermo-elasticity (CUTE) in rotating FGAPs. It can be seen in the figures of this book that the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) results are in excellent agreement with the finite element method (FEM) results.

In chapter one, a computerized boundary element model was implemented for solving the two-dimensional problem of the Green and Lindsay (G-L) theory of thermo-elasticity in functionally graded anisotropic (FGA) rotating plates. The accuracy of the proposed dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) was examined and confirmed by comparing the DRBEM obtained results of the temperature and displacements distributions with the FEM results known previously.

In chapter two, a computerized boundary element model was implemented for solving the two-dimensional problem of the Lord and Shulman (L-S) theory of thermo-elasticity in FGA rotating plates. The accuracy of the proposed method was examined and confirmed by comparing the DRBEM obtained results of the temperature and displacements distributions with the FEM results known previously.

In chapter three, a computerized boundary element model was implemented for solving the two-dimensional problem of the classical coupled theory of thermo-elasticity (CCTE) in FGA rotating plates. The accuracy of the proposed method was examined and confirmed by comparing the DRBEM obtained results of the temperature and displacements distributions with the FEM results known previously.

In chapter four, a computerized boundary element model was implemented for solving the two-dimensional problem of the classical uncoupled theory of thermo-elasticity (CUTE) in FGA rotating plates. The accuracy of the proposed method was examined and confirmed by comparing the DRBEM obtained results of the temperature and displacements distributions with the FEM results known previously.

Author(s) Details

Mohamed Abdelsabour Fahmy
Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Alshohdaa 25371, Jamoum, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Suez Canal University, New Campus, 4.5 Km, Ring Road, El Salam District, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.

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Realization and Implementation of Polynomial Chaotic Sun System | Chapter 09 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 1

Deterministic chaos can exhibit robust dynamic behaviors such as sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The behaviors have warranted diverse engineering uses, which usually entail electronic hardware implementation. In this study, the circuit realization and its corresponding implementation by means of analog electronic components are presented for the polynomial chaotic Sun system. The system has twelve terms, twelve parameters and six nonlinear terms. A procedure is detailed for converting the chaotic parameters into corresponding electronic parameters such as the circuital resistances. Circuit realization of the system is simulated by PSPice-A/D. Next, the circuit is implemented by means of analog electronic components such as operational amplifiers and multipliers. Signals from electronic experiments are compared with numerical simulations.

Author(s) Details

Christian Nwachioma
CIDETEC, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Mexico City, 07700, Mexico.

J. Humberto Perez-Cruz
ESIME-Azcapotzalco, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City 02250, Mexico.

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Temperature and Elementary Carriers of Heat | Chapter 08 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 1

The experimentally determined temperature of a substance is a comparative value relative to the extensive property of another system (thermometers, thermocouples, etc.) taken as the initial measurement standard or reference point. Therefore, the concept of temperature, which we face at first glance seems to be a very simple value, but in fact it is a complex parameter that characterizes the state of the system at the same time on the micro-and macroscopic formations. When considering the properties of substances at the macro level, as a rule, there are many difficulties with the interpretation of micro-phenomena, which is due to the lack of understanding and specific ideas about micro-objects. In turn, micro-objects are constituent elements of macro-objects. This leads to an incomplete understanding of the processes occurring in macro objects. Meanwhile, the micro-macroscopic properties of substances are manifested at the same time and are combined by quantitative and qualitative characteristics: The amount of internal energy, temperature, mole, Planck’s, Boltzmann’s constants etc. At the same time, the value of temperature, which is estimated by comparing extensive properties of measuring instruments is considered the result of the chaotic motion of molecules of system as stated in statistical physics. This work reveals the physical meaning of the concept “temperature” and describes the nature of elementary carriers of heat and its relationship to temperature. The calculated energy of the portable “theplotron” and the mass of photons and “theplotron”, which represent a kind of “electromagnetic particles”. These particles take part in the implementation of the Coulomb electric interaction and prevents annihilation; are in combination with electrons and the nature of their motion determines the thermal, optical, magnetic, electrical and other properties. The frequency of pulsations of “electromagnetic particles” determines the physical meaning of the temperature and the internal pressure of the system. The pulsation of the particles creates a standing wave, and their directed collective motion in a free form represents a seeming traveling wave which is taken as an “electromagnetic wave”.

Author(s) Details

Dr. B. T. Utelbayev
Kazakh-British Technical University, Kazakhstan.

E. N. Suleimenov
Kazakh-British Technical University, Kazakhstan.

A. B. Utelbayeva
M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, Kazakhstan.

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Calorific Power of a Heating Element and Its Application to Measure Thermal Conductivities | Chapter 07 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 1

This paper aims to determine the calorific power of a heating source and to establish an experimental procedure to measure heat transmission coefficients in low heat conductive materials. In our case, the source is a laterally isolated aluminum cylinder, which incorporates an internal electrical resistance for controlling the heat, adjusted to a preset temperature. We describe a simple model, based on the resolution of the differential equation for the heat balance, incorporating two gain and loss coefficients and its application to the steady response achieved, when a disk shaped plastic sample is placed between the heating element and a glass vessel with water, treating the set as a composite wall. In this way the calorific power values and the thermal conductivities of the plastic disk sample are obtained for temperatures ranging from 30 to 70°C. 

Author(s) Details

José A. Ibáñez-Mengual
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.

Ramón P. Valerdi-Pérez
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.

José A. García-Gamuz
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.

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A Derivation of the Kerr–Newman Metric Using Ellipsoid Coordinate Transformation | Chapter 06 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 1

The Kerr–Newman metric describes a special rotating charged mass and is the most general solution for the asymptotically stable “black-hole” solution in the Einstein–Maxwell equations in general relativity. Because these are nonlinear partial differential equations, it is difficult to find an exact analytical solution other than spherical symmetry. This study presented a new derivation of the Kerr–Newman metric which is an extension of the authors’ previous research. Using the ellipsoid symmetry of space-time in the Kerr metric, an ellipsoidal coordinate transformation method was performed and the Kerr–Newman metric was more intuitively obtained. The relation with this method and Newman–Janis algorithm was discussed.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Yu-Ching, Chou
Health 101 Clinic, 1F., No.97, Guling St., Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 100, Taiwan and Archilife Research Foundation, 2F.-1, No.3, Ln. 137, Changchun Rd., Zhongshan District, Taipei City 104, Taiwan.

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Some Simple Applications of the Concept of Superacceleration in the Field of Classical Mechanics | Chapter 04 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 1

Author(s) Details

Dr. S. K. Ghoshal
Department of Physics, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur-713206, W.B., India.

Dr. Madhusree Kole
Department of Physics, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur-713206, W.B., India.

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On the Superluminal Signals in Quantum Electrodynamics | Chapter 03 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 1

Using as an example the Fermi problem dealing with nonstationary transformation of optical excitation from one atom to another the reason of superluminal signals appearance in quantum electrodynamics is clearing. It is shown that the calculation using the conventional methods in Heisenberg and Schrödinger representations in nonstationary problems lead to different results. The Schrödinger representation predicts the existents of specified quantum superluminal signals. In Heisenberg representation the superluminal signals are absent. The reason of non-identity of representations is close connected with using of the adiabatic hypothesis.

Author(s) Details

B. A. Veklenko
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences 125412, str. Izhorskaia, 13, build 2, Moscow, Russian Federation.

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Superluminal Signals in Quantum Optics | Chapter 02 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 1

Theoretically and experimentally the superluminal signals arising at passage of an electromagnetic pulse through thermally excited media are investigated. It is shown that the equations of quantum electrodynamics solved by standard methods explain the appearance of such signals as a consequence of fluctuation properties of secondary quantum fields. It is indicated that quantum averages from operators of electric strength and magnetic strength in these signals are equal to zero. The field energy is different from zero. Such signals have no classical analogues. The effective superluminal velocity of the laser beam after it crosses the cylindrical parallel layer of thermally excited atoms has been calculated. The results of experiments to measure the effective superluminal velocity of the beam passing a cylindrical layer of air inside a hot metal tube are given. Quantitative agreement of theoretical and experiment data is stated.

Author(s) Details

B. A. Veklenko
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences 125412, str. Izhorskaia, 13, build 2, Moscow, Russian Federation.

Y. I. Malachov
National Research University (Moscow Power Engineering Institute) 111250, str. Krasnokazarmennaja 14, Moscow, Russian Federation.

C. S. Nguyen
National Research University (Moscow Power Engineering Institute) 111250, str. Krasnokazarmennaja 14, Moscow, Russian Federation.

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Theoretical Verification of Formula for Charge Function in Time q = c * v in RC Circuit for Charging/Discharging of Fractional & Ideal Capacitor | Chapter 01 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 1

Here in this Chapter the verification of newly developed formula of charge storage in capacitor as   q = c*v, in RC circuit, is carried out in order  to get validation for ideal loss less capacitor as well as fractional order capacitors for charging and discharging cases. This new formula is generalization of charge storage mechanism in capacitors dielectric relaxations (with and without memory effect), which is different to usual and conventional way of writing capacitance multiplied by voltage to get charge stored in a capacitor   i.e. q = cv. We use this new formulation i.e. q = c*v in the RC circuits to verify the results that are obtained via classical circuit theory, for a case of classical ideal loss less capacitor as well as for case for fractional capacitor. The use of this formulation is suited for super-capacitors, Constant Phase Elements (CPE), and for dielectric relaxations that show memory effect as they show fractional order in their behavior. This new formula is used to get the ‘memory effect’ that is observed in self-discharging phenomena of super-capacitors-that memorizes its history of charging profile. Special emphasis is given to detailed derivational steps in order to get clarity in usage of this new formula in the RC circuit examples. This Chapter validates the new formula of charge   storage q = c*v, in capacitor, for circuital usage.

Author(s) Details

Shantanu Das
Scientist Reactor Control Division, E&I Group BARC, Mumbai-400085, India and Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.

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