Temporal and Spatial Variability in Water and Sediment Characteristics of Abule Agege, Abule Eledu, Ogbe, Creeks Adjoining Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria | Chapter 06 | Current Perspectives to Environment and Climate Change Vol. 3

Lagos lagoon is known to contain a vast number of anthropogenic stressors that resulted from the influx of human activities due to the increase in human population, industries and incursion of contaminants from adjoining thus making the ecosystem highly contaminated. The degree of this contamination can be affected by the seasonal variations in time and space. The spatial and temporal variations in the hydrochemistry and sediments characteristics of three (3) Lagos lagoon’s creeks were investigated for six months (June, 2016 to November, 2016). Sub-surface water and sediments were collected with a 1 dm³ water sampler and Van-veen grab, respectively and analyzed. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity of the water samples and pH, nutrients (nitrate and phosphate), total organic matter (TOM) and total organic content (TOC), alkalinity, acidity and particle size of the sediment samples were analyzed. The physico-chemical parameters in the water and sediment from the sampled creeks showed none significant differences (P>0.05). The study showed an increasing level of parameters’ rates analyzed, indicating increased contaminants in Abule Eledu and Ogbe creeks. Water temperature maintained a relatively uniform temperature with dissolved oxygen values range of 1.6 to 3.1 mg/L. Conductivity was higher in June to August while high prevalence of nutrients was observed in October and November. Abule Agege and Abule Eledu recorded TOM and TOC that were above 15 mg/kg in June to August while alkalinity and acidity were high in October (6.63 mg/kg) and November (7.72 mg/kg) in the study creeks. The sediment particles size of the creeks ranged from clay, muddy and sandy substratum signifying that they were macro benthic specific. The increase of the parameters’ concentration indicates that the three creeks are highly impacted by anthropogenic stressors, dependent on the source of pollution occurring at the sites as well as controlled by seasonal variations. Continuous monitoring and concerted efforts are needed to be done to prevent future heavy metal pollution, total degradation thereby formulating appropriate protective and conservation measures in the water’s quality of the Lagos lagoon’s creeks.

Author(s) Details

A. P. Onyena
Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria. 

C. A. Okoro
Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

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Quantification of Photosynthetic Pigments of Plants, Water and Sediment Samples in Chirackal and Kattiparambu of Ernakulam District, Kerala | Chapter 02 | New Perspectives in International Plant and Soil Research Vol. 1

Aims: The present study intended to investigate the pigment composition of four selected mangrove plants viz., Avicennia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia alba and water and sediment samples. And to quantify the concentration of various pigments found in the above samples.

Place and Duration of Study: The samples were collected from the mangrove creeks of Chirackal and Kattiparambu of Ernakulam district, Kerala. Duration of the study was from 2013 December to 2015 December.

Methodology: The estimation of the total pigments, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid concentration of the biotic samples, water and sediments were done using standard methods in Spectrophotometer.

Results: Plants showed high pigment concentration compared to water and sediments. High chlorophyll ‘a’ (2 mg/g), chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.8 mg/g) and total chlorophyll (2.74 mg/g) were observed in Excoecaria agallocha of Kattiparambu and carotenoids (0.72 mg/g) observed in Rhizophora mucronata, Chirackal. In sediment samples, high chlorophyll ‘a’ (0.85 mg/g), total chlorophylls (1.31 mg/g) and carotenoids (0.725 mg/g) were observed in Chirackal area and chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.595 mg/g) obtained in Kattiparambu. Chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.6 mg/g) and carotenoids (0.86 mg/g) were reported high in the water samples of Kattiparambu region and chlorophyll ‘a’ (0.61 mg/g) and total chlorophylls (0.86 mg/g) in Chirackal. In Pearson’s correlation coefficient studies, the content of KEA-chlorophyll was found to have a strong positive correlation among other mangrove species and some sediment samples.

Conclusion: Seasonal changes and local geological conditions are the major factors for variations in pigment concentrations in plants, water and sediment samples. Sediment pigments proved to be good indicators of lake-ecosystem response to climate change and long-term variability in the photo trophic community. The pigment content was influenced by environmental parameters. Temporal and seasonal changes and local geological conditions may be the reasons for variations in pigment concentrations in plants, water and sediment samples. Sediment pigments proved to be good indicators of lake-ecosystem response to climate change and long-term variability in the photo trophic community, which is needed for predicting possible effects of future climate change. It was also recognized that the quality of the pigment record is highly dependent on the preservation regime in the sediment and water. Increase of pigment concentration accelerate the performance of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, which help to maintain the balance of ecosystem and the rejuvenation of life as a whole. Therefore further study in this context is recommended.

Author(s) Details

S. Sofia
Department of Botany, St. Teresa’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

M. V. Merlee Teresa
Department of Botany, St. Teresa’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

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